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  • Excavating machinery in the main pit at the Marlin gold mine, Sipacapa and San Miguel Ixtahuacán, San Marcos, Guatemala. The gold is cyanide-leached. The mine is owned by Montana, a subsidiary of Canadian company, Goldcorp.
    Guatemala_Hawkey_Marlin_mine_gold_20...jpg
  • Excavating machinery in the main pit at the Marlin gold mine, Sipacapa and San Miguel Ixtahuacán, San Marcos, Guatemala. The gold is cyanide-leached. The mine is owned by Montana, a subsidiary of Canadian company, Goldcorp.
    Guatemala_Hawkey_Marlin_mine_gold_20...jpg
  • The tailing pond at the Marlin mine, Guatemala. The Marlin mine has open-pit and underground mining operations for gold. The gold is cyanide-leached. The mine is located in the municipalities of Sipacapa and San Miguel Ixtahuacán, San Marcos, Guatemala. The mine is owned by Montana, a subsidiary of Goldcorp, a Canadian company and is heavily criticised. According to a study by the University of Michigan "the negative impacts of the mine on human health and ecosystem quality in the region have the potential to increase in the coming years and last for decades".
    Guatemala_Hawkey_Marlin_mine_gold_20...jpg
  • Excavating machinery in the main pit at the Marlin gold mine, Sipacapa and San Miguel Ixtahuacán, San Marcos, Guatemala. The gold is cyanide-leached. The mine is owned by Montana, a subsidiary of Canadian company, Goldcorp.
    Guatemala_Hawkey_Marlin_mine_gold_20...jpg
  • Excavating machinery in the main pit at the Marlin gold mine, Sipacapa and San Miguel Ixtahuacán, San Marcos, Guatemala. The gold is cyanide-leached. The mine is owned by Montana, a subsidiary of Canadian company, Goldcorp.
    Guatemala_Hawkey_Marlin_mine_gold_20...jpg
  • Excavating machinery in the main pit at the Marlin gold mine, Sipacapa and San Miguel Ixtahuacán, San Marcos, Guatemala. The gold is cyanide-leached. The mine is owned by Montana, a subsidiary of Canadian company, Goldcorp.
    Guatemala_Hawkey_Marlin_mine_gold_20...jpg
  • A bus leaves Sipacapa, San Marcos. The local population here is said to be exposed to high levels of metals in the drinking water and rivers because of the nearby Marlin mine...The Marlin mine has open-pit and underground mining operations for gold. The gold is cyanide-leached. The mine is located in the municipalities of Sipacapa and San Miguel Ixtahuacán, San Marcos, Guatemala. The mine is owned by Montana, a subsidiary of Goldcorp, a Canadian company and is heavily criticised. According to a study by the University of Michigan "the negative impacts of the mine on human health and ecosystem quality in the region have the potential to increase in the coming years and last for decades".
    Guatemala_Hawkey_Marlin_mine_gold_20...jpg
  • Alexander Giehl from Brazil shovels sand into a sluice as he mines gold on a beach outside Nome, Alaska. The region has seen a gold rush in recent years spurred by a popular television program called Bering Sea Gold.
    usa-alaska-2017-jeffrey-nome-044.JPG
  • Alexander Giehl from Brazil shovels sand into a sluice as he mines gold on a beach outside Nome, Alaska. The region has seen a gold rush in recent years spurred by a popular television program called Bering Sea Gold.
    usa-alaska-2017-jeffrey-nome-030.JPG
  • Alexander Giehl from Brazil shovels sand into a sluice as he mines gold on a beach outside Nome, Alaska. The region has seen a gold rush in recent years spurred by a popular television program called Bering Sea Gold.
    usa-alaska-2017-jeffrey-nome-270.JPG
  • A miner has washed away stone sediment to leave behind this mercury-gold amalgam known as "asoga". The miner manually squeezes out liquid mercury to leave the harder part of the amalgam, loaded with gold particles, this is burned to remove the mercury as a vapor and leave just the gold. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111210_5357.jpg
  • Burning a lump of mercury-gold amalgam known as "asoga" to remove the mercury as a vapor and leave just the gold. Here the gold cools down. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111210_5353.jpg
  • A miner holds a bowl with mercury near an "arrastra" type gold mill. Mercury is used to trap gold particles in artisanal mining. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111209_5328.jpg
  • A miner does a traditional test in a "cacho", a cow horn, to check for gold particles in gold ore. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111210_5346.jpg
  • Burning a lump of mercury-gold amalgam known as "asoga" to remove the mercury as a vapor and leave just the gold. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111210_5352.jpg
  • A miner has washed away stone sediment to leave behind this mercury-gold amalgam known as "asoga". The miner manually squeezes out liquid mercury to leave the harder part of the amalgam, loaded with gold particles. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111210_5351.jpg
  • Prospectors pan for gold in a mountain stream north of Nome, Alaska. More than a century after a gold rush led to the establishment of Nome, higher gold prices and a television reality show have brought thousands of new miners to the remote Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-108.jpg
  • Prospectors pan for gold in a mountain stream north of Nome, Alaska. More than a century after a gold rush led to the establishment of Nome, higher gold prices and a television reality show have brought thousands of new miners to the remote Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-107.jpg
  • Dan Holmes extracts gold flakes from what he has dredged near Nome, Alaska. Holmes is one of hundreds of miners who have flocked to Nome in a new gold rush, spurred in part by a reality television show featuring gold miners in the Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-101.jpg
  • Dan Holmes extracts gold flakes from what he has dredged near Nome, Alaska. Holmes is one of hundreds of miners who have flocked to Nome in a new gold rush, spurred in part by a reality television show featuring gold miners in the Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-100.jpg
  • A prospector pans for gold on the beach east of Nome, Alaska. More than a century after a gold rush led to the establishment of Nome, higher gold prices and a television reality show have brought thousands of new miners to the remote Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-099.jpg
  • A prospector's pan shows flakes of gold at a mining site on the beach east of Nome, Alaska. More than a century after a gold rush led to the establishment of Nome, higher gold prices and a television reality show have brought thousands of new miners to the remote Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-098.jpg
  • Prospectors pan for gold on the beach east of Nome, Alaska. More than a century after a gold rush led to the establishment of Nome, higher gold prices and a television reality show have brought thousands of new miners to the remote Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-096.jpg
  • A prospector pans for gold on the beach east of Nome, Alaska. More than a century after a gold rush led to the establishment of Nome, higher gold prices and a television reality show have brought thousands of new miners to the remote Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-095.jpg
  • Prospectors pan for gold on the beach east of Nome, Alaska. More than a century after a gold rush led to the establishment of Nome, higher gold prices and a television reality show have brought thousands of new miners to the remote Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-094.jpg
  • Prospectors pan for gold on the beach east of Nome, Alaska. More than a century after a gold rush led to the establishment of Nome, higher gold prices and a television reality show have brought thousands of new miners to the remote Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-093.jpg
  • Prospectors pan for gold on the beach east of Nome, Alaska. More than a century after a gold rush led to the establishment of Nome, higher gold prices and a television reality show have brought thousands of new miners to the remote Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-091.jpg
  • Prospectors pan for gold on the beach east of Nome, Alaska. More than a century after a gold rush led to the establishment of Nome, higher gold prices and a television reality show have brought thousands of new miners to the remote Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-088.jpg
  • Prospectors pan for gold on the beach east of Nome, Alaska. More than a century after a gold rush led to the establishment of Nome, higher gold prices and a television reality show have brought thousands of new miners to the remote Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-097.jpg
  • Prospectors pan for gold on the beach east of Nome, Alaska. More than a century after a gold rush led to the establishment of Nome, higher gold prices and a television reality show have brought thousands of new miners to the remote Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-092.jpg
  • Prospectors pan for gold on the beach east of Nome, Alaska. More than a century after a gold rush led to the establishment of Nome, higher gold prices and a television reality show have brought thousands of new miners to the remote Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-090.jpg
  • Prospectors pan for gold on the beach east of Nome, Alaska. More than a century after a gold rush led to the establishment of Nome, higher gold prices and a television reality show have brought thousands of new miners to the remote Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-089.jpg
  • Prospectors pan for gold on the beach east of Nome, Alaska. More than a century after a gold rush led to the establishment of Nome, higher gold prices and a television reality show have brought thousands of new miners to the remote Bering Sea community.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-087.jpg
  • A the gold furnace at the SOTRAMI gold mine in Ayacucho, Peru, an ingot of gold is poured into a mould.
    Peru_hawkey_SOTRAMI_mine_20140622_10...jpg
  • A the gold furnace at the SOTRAMI gold mine in Ayacucho, Peru, an ingot of gold is poured into a mould.
    Peru_hawkey_SOTRAMI_mine_20140622_10...jpg
  • Here a small lump of gold, product of small-scale mining with mercury is held in a miner's hand. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111210_5354.jpg
  • Runoff from an "arrastra" type mill. Crushed rock is washed away and some gold particles are trapped on a metal sheet covered in a mercury solution. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111209_5341.jpg
  • Runoff from an "arrastra" type mill. Crushed rock is washed away and some gold particles are trapped on a metal sheet covered in a mercury solution. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111209_5342.jpg
  • A miner checks the flow of waste from an "arrastra" type mill. Crushed rock is washed away and some gold particles are trapped on a metal sheet covered in a mercury solution. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111209_5339.jpg
  • Eighteen-year old Gessamie Balagulan signs up small scale miners who formed an association on June 5, 2012, to fight back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Balagulan's family operates a small gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military. They have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-30.jpg
  • Daylien Elejorde leads a June 4, 2012, rally of small-scale miners in a protest outside the Mt. Diwata offices of the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Elejorde, a 43-year old Catholic catechist, operates with her family a small gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. She and the other small miners were given a notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military. They have defiantly refused to leave. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-03.jpg
  • A miner walks through a narrow opening into a tunnel underground in a gold mine. The temperature undergound is often high, and the air is often poor. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111210_5377.jpg
  • An "arrastra" type gold mill in operation. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111209_5343.jpg
  • Mercury is used to trap gold particles in artisanal mining. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111209_5325.jpg
  • A young gold miner underground holds a pickaxe at the entrance to a tunnel. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111209_5300.jpg
  • A woman breaks gold ore or "broza" with a hammer in a "trapiche" style mill, also known as "molino chileno". In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111208_5235.jpg
  • A dredge, a remnant of the area gold rush a century earlier, sits abandoned on the tundra east of Nome, Alaska.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-169.jpg
  • A dredge, a remnant of the area gold rush a century earlier, sits abandoned on the tundra east of Nome, Alaska.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-168.jpg
  • A dredge, a remnant of the area gold rush a century earlier, sits abandoned on the tundra east of Nome, Alaska.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-167.jpg
  • A gold miner inside a mine in Pamintaran, a remote gold mining community near Maragusan on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. The site has become a focal point of an international struggle between small scale miners and large international mining corporations..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-mining-50.jpg
  • A gold miner outside a mine tunnel in Pamintaran, a remote gold mining community near Maragusan on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. The site has become a focal point of an international struggle between small scale miners and large international mining corporations..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-mining-49.jpg
  • Women gold miners in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. They and other small scale mining families are fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5, 2012, or risk being forcibly removed by the military. The miners have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-45.jpg
  • A gold mining couple in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. They and other small scale mining families are fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5, 2012, or risk being forcibly removed by the military. The miners have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-46.jpg
  • Josephine Caderao, 39, searches for gold deep inside a small scale mine she operates with her husband in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Hers is one of several mining families fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military, which Caderao says harassed and interrogated her in June, 2011. The miners have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-44.jpg
  • Josephine Caderao, 39, searches for gold deep inside a small scale mine she operates with her husband in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Hers is one of several mining families fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military, which Caderao says harassed and interrogated her in June, 2011. The miners have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-43.jpg
  • Josephine Caderao, 39, searches for gold deep inside a small scale mine she operates with her husband in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Hers is one of several mining families fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military, which Caderao says harassed and interrogated her in June, 2011. The miners have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-42.jpg
  • Nelio Calojou loads a bag of gold ore on his motorcycle outside a small scale mine he operates in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Several dozens mining families here are fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military. The miners have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-39.jpg
  • Josephine Caderao, 39, searches for gold deep inside a small scale mine she operates with her husband in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Hers is one of several mining families fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military, which Caderao says harassed and interrogated her in June, 2011. The miners have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-40.jpg
  • Adam Shaw, a United Methodist mission intern, talks with small scale miners who formed an association on June 5, 2012, to fight back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Balagulan's family operates a small gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military. They have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. Shaw is assigned to work with INPEACE-Initiatives for Peace in Mindanao..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-33.jpg
  • Gold miners take a break in Diwalwal, a remote gold mining community on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Also known as Mt. Diwata, the community has become the center of an international struggle between small scale miners and large international mining corporations..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-34.jpg
  • Eighteen-year old Gessamie Balagulan signs up small scale miners who formed an association on June 5, 2012, to fight back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Balagulan's family operates a small gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military. They have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-32.jpg
  • Vicklyn Ebanes (second from left), talks with other miners in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. She and her husband operate a small gold mine, and she is a leader of several similar mining families who are fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military. The miners have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. Ebanes, 44, is the chairperson of the local Catholic parish council, and was chosen as the association's secretary..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-31.jpg
  • Vicklyn Ebanes, 44, poses outside a small scale gold mine she operates with her husband in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Hers is one of several mining families fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military. The miners have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. Ebanes, who is the chairperson of the local Catholic parish council, was chosen as the association's secretary..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-28.jpg
  • Vicklyn Ebanes, 44, searches for gold inside a small scale mine she operates with her husband in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Hers is one of several mining families fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military. The miners have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. Ebanes, who is the chairperson of the local Catholic parish council, was chosen as the association's secretary..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-27.jpg
  • Vicklyn Ebanes, 44, searches for gold inside a small scale mine she operates with her husband in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Hers is one of several mining families fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military. The miners have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. Ebanes, who is the chairperson of the local Catholic parish council, was chosen as the association's secretary..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-26.jpg
  • Daylien Elejorde and her husband Reynaldo stand at the opening of a gold mine they operate in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Hers is one of several mining families fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5, 2012, or risk being forcibly removed by the military. But Ms. Elejorde, a 43-year old Catholic catechist, and her husband and other miners have defiantly refused to leave, and have formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-24.jpg
  • Vicklyn Ebanes, 44, searches for gold inside a small scale mine she operates with her husband in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Hers is one of several mining families fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military. The miners have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. Ebanes, who is the chairperson of the local Catholic parish council, was chosen as the association's secretary..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-25.jpg
  • Daylien Elejorde stands at the opening of a gold mine she operates with her husband in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Hers is one of several mining families fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5, 2012, or risk being forcibly removed by the military. But Elejorde, a 43-year old Catholic catechist, and the other miners have defiantly refused to leave, and have formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-23.jpg
  • Daylien Elejorde stands at the opening of a gold mine she operates with her husband in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Hers is one of several mining families fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5, 2012, or risk being forcibly removed by the military. But Elejorde, a 43-year old Catholic catechist, and the other miners have defiantly refused to leave, and have formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-22.jpg
  • Daylien Elejorde leads a June 4, 2012, rally of small-scale miners in a protest outside the Mt. Diwata offices of the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Elejorde, a 43-year old Catholic catechist, operates with her family a small gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. She and the other small miners were given a notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military. They have defiantly refused to leave. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-06.jpg
  • Daylien Elejorde leads a June 4, 2012, rally of small-scale miners in a protest outside the Mt. Diwata offices of the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Elejorde, a 43-year old Catholic catechist, operates with her family a small gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. She and the other small miners were given a notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military. They have defiantly refused to leave. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-05.jpg
  • Daylien Elejorde leads a June 4, 2012, rally of small-scale miners in a protest outside the Mt. Diwata offices of the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Elejorde, a 43-year old Catholic catechist, operates with her family a small gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. She and the other small miners were given a notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military. They have defiantly refused to leave. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-04.jpg
  • Eighteen-year old Gessamie Balagulan speaks to a June 4, 2012, rally of small-scale miners in a protest outside the Mt. Diwata offices of the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Balagulan's family operates a small gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. They and other small miners were given a notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military. They have defiantly refused to leave. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-02.jpg
  • Lita Egot participates in a June 4, 2012, rally of small-scale miners in a protest outside the Mt. Diwata offices of the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Egot, 50, operates with her family a small gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. She and the other small miners were given a notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military. They have defiantly refused to leave. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-01.jpg
  • In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111210_5360.jpg
  • A dredge, a remnant of the area gold rush a century earlier, sits abandoned on the tundra east of Nome, Alaska.
    usa-2012-jeffrey-alaska-170.jpg
  • A gold miner looks up a shaft inside a mine in Pamintaran, a remote gold mining community near Maragusan on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. The site has become a focal point of an international struggle between small scale miners and large international mining corporations..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-mining-48.jpg
  • A miner checks the gold content of an ore sample he has taken from inside a mine in Pamintaran, a remote gold mining community near Maragusan on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. The site has become a focal point of an international struggle between small scale miners and large international mining corporations..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-mining-47.jpg
  • Josephine Caderao, 39, searches for gold deep inside a small scale mine she operates with her husband in the Diwalwal area on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Hers is one of several mining families fighting back against plans to displace them by the Philippine Mining Development Corporation, a front company for foreign mining companies that seeks to install a large-scale open pit gold mine in the area, also known as Mt. Diwata. The small miners were given notice to evacuate the area by June 5 or risk being forcibly removed by the military, which Caderao says harassed and interrogated her in June, 2011. The miners have defiantly refused to leave, and formed a formal association to demand respect for their rights in the Philippines courts. .
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-41.jpg
  • Pulling a man to the surface with the manual winch.<br />
<br />
In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111210_5383.jpg
  • A man pans for gold in a small-scale artisanal gold mining operation in Didipio, Nueva Vizcaya, Phlippines
    Philippines_Hawkey_Oceana_mining_201...jpg
  • A tube of plastic explosives, C4, is inserted into a hole in a rock face underground. The two-foot long fuse used here is lit with a flame, and the miner must leave the mine quickly, being manually hoisted to the surface by his co-workers. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111210_5379.jpg
  • In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111210_5363.jpg
  • The view descending a narrow mine shaft. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111209_5296.jpg
  • A "trapiche" style mill, also known as "molino chileno". In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111208_5132.jpg
  • A miner is winched by hand down a narrow mine shaft. The winch has no brake or stop bolt and the miner has no helmet. In artisanal gold mining in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, miners extract ore from open cast and underground mines, and crush and mill the ore to extract the gold with mercury.
    nicaragua_hawkey_20111209_5295.jpg
  • A boy carries a wooden timber destined for a mine tunnel in Pamintaran, a remote gold mining community near Maragusan on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. The site has become a focal point of an international struggle between small scale miners and large international mining corporations. Logging to provide timber for the small scale miners, or to make way for roads and open pits for the large scale mines, has contributed to the region's disasters..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-mining-51.jpg
  • A girl in Diwalwal, a remote gold mining community on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Also known as Mt. Diwata, the community has become the center of an international struggle between small scale miners and large international mining corporations..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-37.jpg
  • Children walk through Diwalwal, a remote gold mining community on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Also known as Mt. Diwata, the community has become the center of an international struggle between small scale miners and large international mining corporations..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-16.jpg
  • Diwalwal is a remote gold mining community on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Also known as Mt. Diwata, the community has become the center of an international struggle between small scale miners and large international mining corporations..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-14.jpg
  • Diwalwal is a remote gold mining community on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Also known as Mt. Diwata, the community has become the center of an international struggle between small scale miners and large international mining corporations..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-13.jpg
  • A boy looks out a window in Diwalwal, a remote gold mining community on the Philippines' southern island of Mindanao. Also known as Mt. Diwata, the hillside community has become the center of an international struggle between small scale miners and large international mining corporations..
    philippines-2012-jeffrey-diwalwal-07.jpg
  • Pedro Rodolfo Orteaga, a small farmer, walks along the bed of a river that has gone dry since a Canadian mining company installed a gold mine in the area and has monopolized the area's water, leaving small farms and riverbeds dry. Orteaga is a member of a group of area residents that oppose the mine's activities.
    honduras-2009-jeffrey-31.jpg
  • Carlos Amador, an environmental activist, stands by giant tailings from a Canadian-owned gold mine that has monopolized the area's water, leaving small farms and riverbeds dry. Amador is a leader of a group of area residents that opposes the mine's activities.
    honduras-2009-jeffrey-15.jpg
  • Carlos Amador, an environmental activist, documents giant tailings from a Canadian-owned gold mine that has monopolized the area's water, leaving small farms and riverbeds dry. Amador is a leader of a group of area residents that opposes the mine's activities.
    honduras-2009-jeffrey-14.jpg
  • Pedro Rodolfo Orteaga, a small farmer, stands beside giant tailings from a Canadian-owned gold mine that has monopolized the area's water, leaving small farms and riverbeds dry. Orteaga is a member of a group of area residents that oppose the mine's activities.
    honduras-2009-jeffrey-13.jpg
  • Pedro Rodolfo Orteaga, a small farmer, stands on the bed of a river that has gone dry since a Canadian mining company installed a gold mine in the area and has monopolized the area's water, leaving small farms and riverbeds dry. Orteaga is a member of a group of area residents that oppose the mine's activities.
    honduras-2009-jeffrey-06.jpg
  • Pedro Rodolfo Orteaga, a small farmer, stands on the bed of a river that has gone dry since a Canadian mining company installed a gold mine in the area and has monopolized the area's water, leaving small farms and riverbeds dry. Orteaga is a member of a group of area residents that oppose the mine's activities.
    honduras-2009-jeffrey-04.jpg
  • Pedro Rodolfo Orteaga is a small farmer whose crops have suffered from lack of water ever since a Canadian mining company installed a gold mine in the area and has monopolized the area's water, leaving small farms and riverbeds dry. Orteaga is a member of a group of area residents that oppose the mine's activities.
    honduras-2009-jeffrey-03.jpg
  • Pedro Rodolfo Orteaga, a small farmer, with his meager corn crop from a field that has suffered from lack of water ever since a Canadian mining company installed a gold mine in the area and has monopolized the area's water, leaving small farms and riverbeds dry. Orteaga is a member of a group of area residents that oppose the mine's activities.
    honduras-2009-jeffrey-02.jpg
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